Oversubscription
Provisioning less network bandwidth than full non-blocking would require; 1:1 is non-blocking, 3:1 is oversubscribed.
Current numbers
2:1-3:1inference fabric oversubscription (vs 1:1 non-blocking for training); 2:1 cuts back-end cost ~31% (contested — single-source)
1:1 vs 2:1–3:1scale-out oversubscription: non-blocking for training vs 2:1–3:1 for inference (2:1 cuts back-end cost ~31%, contested)
1:1 vs 2:1–3:1oversubscription: non-blocking for training vs oversubscribed for inference; 2:1 cuts back-end cost ~31% (contested)