Appendix D
In this chapter · 4 sections
Numbers Provenance & Forecast Register
A number with no date, no source, and no caveat is not a fact — it is a rumor with a decimal point; this appendix is the live, date-stamped register that turns every volatile headline figure in the guide into one you can re-check before you bet a slab, an interconnection slot, or a financing structure on it.
What you'll decide here
- How much weight to put on a figure — match its as-of date, source, population and caveat to your decision. A recent market quote for the wrong equipment or contract can misprice the slab, interconnection slot or financing structure just as badly as an old one.
- Whether a figure that drives one of your irreversible forks is a contested figure — if so, run the decision across the plausible range rather than picking a point estimate.
- Where to re-pull a live number before committing capital: open the live register, filter by part, and follow the source link to its primary publication.
- Which class a figure belongs to — durable (physics/standards), semi-durable (shipping hardware), or volatile (market/economics) — and therefore how it may be used.
- When to escalate: if you are underwriting an irreversible decision on a contested or stale figure, stop and re-verify against the primary source before signing.
This guide is full of numbers that move. Rack power, capex totals, GW of grid demand, $/GPU-hour, depreciation lives, TWh forecasts — these are the figures readers actually act on, and they are exactly the figures that go stale fastest. A printed reference freezes them at press time and quietly misleads everyone who reads it a year later. This appendix is the reader's door into the guide's claim library: every canonical figure is a single date-stamped record — value, vintage, source and a direct link, scope, and an honest caveat on how contested or fragile it is — and linked key-number displays resolve that record by reference; an independently written sentence, table or exported copy still needs its own check. Every figure that drives a decision is one click from its origin, so you can re-check it before you act — the discipline a frozen print reference cannot offer.
Unlike the rest of the appendices, Appendix D is not primarily prose — it is realized as an interactive tool in the site: a searchable, part-filterable table over the same claim records that power the inline figures throughout the guide. This page explains what the tool does, how to read an entry, the provenance discipline behind it — one record per figure, supersession when records merge, scheduled re-check dates, a public corrections log — and the static evidence crosswalk for the contested depreciation inputs carried over from Chapter 1.8. For the live data, open the tool.
What the tool does
The register is a single source of truth for the volatile figures in this guide. Each entry is one metric — a value, the date it was true, the source, a link, the scenario it assumes, and a caveat. The tool lets you do three things at the bench:
- Search by metric, value, source, or caveat text — type "depreciation," "interconnection," or "HBM" and the table narrows live.
- Filter by part — narrow the table to any Part of the guide or to the appendices, or to the curated register and the regulatory watchlist; a separate control shows only the contested figures.
- Verify — every row carries an as-of date and a source link, so re-confirming a number against its primary publication is one click, not a research project.
Each row is a claim — the guide's unit of factual record. Chapters’ linked key-number blocks resolve the dated record; comparison tables, quizzes and presentation decks also contain authored explanations that must be checked against the same scope. So a figure you read in Part 4 and the same figure in the register are literally one record: correct the record, then verify each linked display and authored restatement. When two entries turn out to be the same fact in different clothes, one record supersedes the other and every reference follows the survivor — and the publish gates refuse to ship a page that points at a superseded record or restates a figure that has drifted from it.
How to read an entry
Read the entry’s quantity, value, vintage, scenario, source and caveat in this order. Then attach the evidence receipt: exact document version and locator, access obtained, date checked, and next planned review. A date alone proves none of the underlying checks.
| Field | What it tells you | How to use it |
|---|---|---|
| Metric | The named quantity (e.g. 'GPU useful life, book vs economic') | Confirm it is the quantity you actually need, not a near-neighbor |
| Value | The figure, with units and any range | Prefer the range to the midpoint when the spread is wide |
| As-of | Source vintage: publication or measurement date; a forecast target or future effective date is separate | Match vintage and population to the decision; a planned review date is not evidence that someone checked it |
| Scenario | The assumption set behind the value (base case, accelerated, announced-not-built, etc.) | A number is only valid inside its scenario — never lift it out |
| Source | The primary publication and a direct link | Click through before underwriting anything irreversible on it |
| Caveat | The honest note on fragility, contestation, or scope | A 'CONTESTED' flag means model the range, do not pick a point |
A completed evidence receipt. Meta’s The Llama 3 Herd of Models, arXiv v1, July 31, 2024, §3.3.4 and Table 5, is publicly accessible. The guide checked that exact passage on September 8, 2026; the register’s next scheduled review is December 22, 2026; that date does not prove a human will review it. The receipt retains the 54-day, 16,384-H100 population: 419 unexpected interruptions, with 148 faulty-GPU and 72 HBM3 events. The derived interruption shares use those counts; they do not turn into a GB300 annual failure rate.
Accept that receipt when interpreting the named training window. Reject its use to buy GB300 spares until component exposure and the new fleet’s duty match. For a licensed standard, attach the exact clause actually opened and the project’s access record; a catalog’s edition date establishes identity, not the contents of an unseen clause. Chapter 14.3 owns the failure evidence and Appendix A identifies standards. Source: Meta, §3.3.4 / Table 5.
The provenance discipline
The register enforces one rule before a figure is allowed to drive a decision: classify it, then constrain how you may use it.
- Durable (physics, standards, thermodynamics) — design against the level. Thermodynamic relationships and adopted standards can be durable, but a cited 30–40 kW typical RDHx range and >50 kW active-door example are not universal air-cooling limits; test the named equipment and facility envelope. → Chapter 0.3.
- Semi-durable (shipping hardware specs) — use the level, but confirm the part actually ships on your timeline. A roadmap rack power is not a procurable one.
- Volatile (market, capex, rental rates, forecasts) — use the direction, and re-pull a live number before committing. Cross this with the reversibility lens: a volatile figure driving a reversible decision is fine; a volatile figure driving an irreversible one is the trap.
Figures are flagged CONTESTED in the register wherever reasonable analysts disagree and the disagreement is itself load-bearing: GPU economic-versus-book life and residual value, hyperscaler depreciation policy, revenue per energized GW, self-operated TCO at scale, and fabric oversubscription among them. When a contested figure drives an irreversible fork, the correct move is not to pick a point estimate — it is to run the decision across the plausible range and confirm the branch is robust to where the number actually lands. → the discipline is set out in Chapter 1.8.
A volatility class can schedule a re-check — monthly, quarterly or annually — but that schedule is an assignment, not evidence of a human review. Record who checked which passage and when; a passed check changes the verification receipt, not the source vintage: a 2024 measurement re-verified in 2026 is still a 2024 measurement, and the as-of date says so. When a figure fails a check, it is corrected at the record rather than padded with a disclaimer, and the change is logged on the guide's public corrections page, so the register's own history is auditable.
Static reference: evidence for the Chapter 1.8 useful-life decision
One figure-set separates reproducible arithmetic from disputed earning assumptions: the GPU useful-life debate bound out of Chapter 1.8. Some operators book AI servers over 5–6 years. Goldman Sachs estimates a 4–6 year useful life; the 2–3 year case is a contested obsolescence bear case, not an observed universal economic life. The fixed-input 1 GW sensitivity in Chapter 1.8 compares exactly 3 and 7 IT years; its linked cost totals and premium use unrounded Epoch workbook inputs. This is an earning-life scenario, not a change in cash caused by book depreciation. The honest posture is to model both lives and disclose which one your covenants assume.
| Input | Evidence to obtain | Model consequence |
|---|---|---|
| Book depreciation | Microsoft FY2023 report: servers/network equipment 4→6 years effective FY2023. Alphabet FY2023 filing: Google servers 4→6, certain network equipment 5→6, effective 2023. | Historical book estimates change reported expense, not the earning life of a 2026 GPU; tax depreciation has its own schedule. |
| Technical service life | OEM support term, spare parts and observed condition | Ability to operate, maintain and restore the named product |
| Economic replacement | Chapter 1.8 workload, revenue and efficiency scenario | Earning period and timing of replacement expenditure |
| Residual proceeds | Dated same-SKU bid less removal, transfer and sale costs | Net terminal cash; stress zero when no recoverable bid exists |
| Debt and refresh funding | Executed covenant, amortization, cash reserves and replacement plan | Debt coverage and refresh liquidity are separate decisions |
Scope & caveats
Generation and storage seeking transmission interconnection — supply-side context, not a large-load service queue. LBNL attributes the year-on-year decline to both withdrawals and fewer new requests and cautions that reform effects are not yet measurable.
Scope & caveats
Guide sensitivity with fixed Epoch May 2026 capital, annual operating cost and WACC. Only economic earning life changes; book depreciation is separate. The workbook default is about 5.3 years, not exactly five.
Why a date-stamp beats a footnote
A conventional reference cites its source and stops. That tells you where a number came from but not when it was true — and in this market, when is everything. A capex forecast, a rental rate, or a queue length is a snapshot of a moving system; the same source publishes a different value six months later. The register's discipline is to make the vintage a first-class field, equal in prominence to the value itself, so a reader can match a capex forecast, rental rate or queue length to the decision’s date and scope before using its level.
The second move is the explicit caveat. Most numbers in this domain carry a scope condition (a scenario, a precision, a 'announced not built' qualifier) that, when stripped, turns a defensible figure into a misleading one. By forcing every entry to carry its caveat, the register makes the scope travel with the number. The CONTESTED flag is the strongest form of this: it is a standing instruction not to point-estimate. → the figures that bind to this register are surfaced in Chapter 1.8, with macro framing in Chapter 16.4 and 2030 scenarios in Chapter 16.5.
Cite this chapter
Fehn, J. (2026). Numbers Provenance & Forecast Register (Chapter D). The Definitive Guide to AI Data Centers. https://aidatacenterguide.com/appendix-appendices-and-reference-data/d-numbers-provenance-and-forecast-register (accessed 2026-09-29).
@misc{aidc-D,
author = {Fehn, Jacob},
title = {Numbers Provenance & Forecast Register (Chapter D)},
howpublished = {The Definitive Guide to AI Data Centers},
year = {2026},
url = {https://aidatacenterguide.com/appendix-appendices-and-reference-data/d-numbers-provenance-and-forecast-register},
note = {Accessed 2026-09-29}
}