The Definitive Guide toAI Data Centers
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GuideGlossaryL2L

L2L · Liquid-to-liquid

Trade shorthand for full direct-to-chip cooling that rejects into a facility water loop through CDUs: the highest-density retrofit path and the most disruptive to a live hall.

Current numbers

6.6xL2L heat-rejection capacity vs L2A, at under ~2x the cost at scaleas of 2025-03 · register ↗
120–142 kWL2L direct-to-chip density unlocked: GB200 NVL72 ~132 kW, GB300 ~142 kW per rackas of 2025 · register ↗
~1.4 MW / CDUL2L CDU useful capacity; ~1 per 8–10 NVL72 racks at N+1; Google Deschutes row CDU ~2 MWas of 2025 · register ↗

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