of delivered thermal energy spent as heat-pump electricity to lift a low-grade (30–45 °C) DC return to a usable DH supply temperature
~20–30%observed
| Value kind | observed — Reported measurements, counts, and specifications keep the precision and scope stated by their source; an exact specification is not treated as a range. |
|---|---|
| As of | 2024-2025 |
| Source | ORNL high-temperature heat-pump study; Energy Solutions · Commercial high-temperature heat-pump performance table; reported COP values imply electricity inputs of roughly 24–31% of delivered heat for most listed systems |
| Review | checking…review by 2026-08-11 · standard cadence |
| Recorded changes | last 2026-06-29 |
| Claim id | of-delivered-thermal-energy-spent-as-heat-pump |
Where the guide uses it
Not quoted in a chapter yet; it is kept in the curated register.
← Full numbers register — every date-stamped figure in the guide, with revision history.