Substation
The facility transforming and switching power between transmission and the site, a major long-lead build item.
Current numbers
3–4 yr (~156–208 wk)US GSU transformer lead time (SemiAnalysis, June 25, 2026); US substation transformers >160 wk (Wood Mackenzie, May 4, 2026)
>160 wkUS substation-transformer lead time: Wood Mackenzie assessment reported May 2026; often the energization schedule's long pole
IEEE Std 80-2013 (inactive-reserved); P80 revision active PARsubstation grounding standard bounding step/touch voltage against body-current limits and soil resistivity