Substation
The facility transforming and switching power between transmission and the site, a major long-lead build item.
Current numbers
~128–208 wkHV/substation power transformer lead time (standard); constrained markets run longer still — often the schedule's long pole
0.7–0.9acres per MW of IT on GW-scale AI campuses (full campus incl. substation/cooling yard)
IEEE Std 80-2013 (inactive-reserved); P80 revision active PARsubstation grounding standard bounding step/touch voltage against body-current limits and soil resistivity