PFAS
Persistent fluorinated 'forever chemicals' found in some dielectric coolants, raising environmental and regulatory concern.
Current numbers
~55%single-phase direct-to-chip share of liquid-cooling market 2026 (two-phase stalled partly on PFAS/insurability)
~55%single-phase direct-to-chip share of liquid cooling in 2026 — the modality PFAS liability left standing
~55%single-phase direct-to-chip share of the liquid-cooling market — the 2026 default as two-phase stalled on PFAS