IST · Integrated Systems Test
The final commissioning level (L5) that proves all facility systems work together under simulated full load.
Current numbers
~55%single-phase direct-to-chip share of liquid-cooling market — the loop IST load banks cannot exercise at real heat flux
Tier IV ~26 min/yrdowntime the commissioning agent's IST exists to prove (vs Tier III ~1.6 hr/yr)
L1–L5electrical commissioning level taxonomy (factory test -> integrated systems test)