ISO · Independent System Operator
An operator managing grid reliability and power markets in a region, often used interchangeably with RTO.
Current numbers
Q4 2028GHG Protocol–ISO joint-standard publication target, not an effective rule
3 yrISO 27001 / 42001 certification validity with annual surveillance audits; SOC 2 Type II re-issued every 6–12 mo
Parts 2/3/6/8/9ISO/IEC 30134 KPIs: PUE, REF, ERF, CUE, WUE (Part 4 ITEEsv for server efficiency)